At Volkswagen, these specific washers are listed under a number called "N" where the "N" stands for Normteile or standard parts.
Despite its name, it is not a standard part but a ring of a different hardness that is not available in ordinary hardware stores and certainly cannot be replaced by a ring of a different hardness.
These washers are mainly used for mounting cylinder heads, but also for other purposes. You will find below, per VW model and/or engine type, the places where these rings are used and the total number of parts needed.
Type 1 engines:
Cylinder head assembly: 30 hp engines 4 pieces
1200 cc until 1978 (engine code D 1 431 278 ) 16 pieces
1300 and 1500 cc all years 16 pieces
1600 cc until 12.1972 16 pieces
Type 3 engines
Cylinder head assembly 16 pieces
Diesel engines
Mounting parts for engine and gearbox 10 pieces
Beetle 1303 from 8.1974:
fastening of the steering rack on the body 4 pieces
VW Vanagon:
Tilting table rotary knob washer, number per model different
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